A Data Processing Center, or Data Center as it is known today, it is an environment designed to house and manage an organization’s information technology (IT) systems. It is a centralized location where servers, storage devices, network equipment, cooling systems, redundant power supplies and several essential components are concentrated to guarantee the availability and performance […]
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A Data Processing Center, or Data Center as it is known today, it is an environment designed to house and manage an organization’s information technology (IT) systems. It is a centralized location where servers, storage devices, network equipment, cooling systems, redundant power supplies and several essential components are concentrated to guarantee the availability and performance of digital services.
The infrastructure of a Data Center is carefully designed to provide continuous, secure and efficient operation, and is critical to meeting the ever-increasing demands of modern businesses.
In this article, let’s explore the planning and construction of a Data Center, highlighting its relevance for modern companies. We will cover the importance of scalability and modularity, the classification by redundancy levels, the different types of Data Center and the construction process. Additionally, we will discuss ongoing operation with a focus on safety, energy efficiency, and backup plans.
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Importance of the Data Center for Companies and Digital Businesses
With the advancement of digital transformation, more and more companies and organizations depend on IT resources to operate efficiently and provide quality services to their customers. Data Centers play a fundamental role in this context, offering several benefits:
Data Storage: Data Centers enable the secure, centralized storage of important data such as customer information, transactional records, media files, and more. This storage capacity is essential for the operation of digital businesses that generate and consume large amounts of data.
Availability: For companies that need to be available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, such as online services, financial institutions and e-commerce platforms, Data Centers guarantee continuous operation and availability of services. Redundant infrastructure and security measures ensure that systems remain functional even in the event of failures.
Security: Data Centers are built with multiple layers of physical and logical security to protect IT assets against threats such as intrusions, theft, fires and natural disasters. This is especially important for companies that handle confidential and sensitive information.
- Performance: With high-quality infrastructure, including powerful servers and high-speed networks, Data Centers guarantee adequate performance of applications and systems. This allows companies to offer fast and responsive services to their customers customers.
Scalability: Growing companies can easily scale their IT infrastructure into a Data Center, adding more resources as their needs grow. The flexibility and scalability of Data Centers allow companies to quickly adapt to changing market demands.
Connectivity: Well-located Data Centers have direct connections with telecommunications operators, ensuring low latency and high speed in communications. This is crucial for businesses that rely on fast, reliable connections to meet user needs.
By adopting a Data Center, companies can count on a reliable and secure infrastructure to support their digital operations, ensuring that services are delivered efficiently and with high availability. This ability to offer quality services is essential for competitiveness and success in the current market.
Infrastructure and Operation
A modern Data Center is a highly complex environment that requires a robust and reliable infrastructure to ensure the efficient and secure processing of enormous amounts of data.
In one Data CenterStructured cabling is essential to guarantee performance, availability and security in critical environments. The installation must be certified and follow international standards to support high transmission rates, minimize latency and reduce downtime risks.
For metallic links, it is recommended at least Category 6A (Cat6A), which already serves applications of up to 10Gbps. In high-density projects or new facilities, the Category 8 (Cat8) can be adopted for connections switch-to-switch, supporting up to 25/40Gbps over short distances. For backbone and long-distance links, the best practice is to use OM3, OM4 or OM5 optical fiber, ensuring scalability and performance for future generations of Data Centers.
A certification of all points is essential to ensure performance, eliminate hidden failures and protect infrastructure investment.
Below, we will detail the main components that make up the functioning of a Data Center and its technical infrastructure:
Servers
Servers play a fundamental role as essential components in a Data Center environment. They are hardware devices specially designed to perform various tasks, such as storing, processing and distributing data and applications to users and customers. Your configuration can vary significantly to meet the specific processing, memory, storage, and graphics power demands required for operations.
In their storage function, servers are responsible for accommodating large amounts of data and files necessary to carry out the organization’s operations. They can be equipped with high-performance storage drives such as hard disk drives (HDDs) or solid-state drives (SSDs), enabling quick access and retrieval of information.
Processing is another critical task performed by servers. They are designed with powerful central processing units (CPUs) that perform complex tasks and calculations necessary to process and analyze data, run applications, and provide quick responses to user requests.
Additionally, the amount of RAM in a server plays a crucial role in the overall performance of the Data Center. With a sufficient amount of RAM, the server can temporarily store the most frequently accessed data and instructions, speeding up the processing process and ensuring faster responses to users.
Another important factor is the graphics capacity of the servers, especially in scenarios involving graphics processing and applications with high visual demand. For these cases, servers can be equipped with high-performance graphics cards, providing superior graphics quality and rendering capacity.
The diversity of requirements in different usage scenarios makes the ability to customize servers essential. This way, Data Center administrators can choose and configure servers according to the specific needs of each application and environment, optimizing the overall performance of the Data Center.
Electrical System
A Data Center’s electrical system is designed with a highly redundant and resilient approach to ensure continuous availability of electrical power. Due to the critical nature of operations carried out in this environment, any interruption in power supply could result in significant damage to services and stored data.
A power redundancy is achieved through the implementation of multiple power sources and backup systems.
Some of the main strategies used are:
Diversified Energy Sources
The Data Center is connected to multiple energy sources, such as public grid power supply, locally generated power from diesel generators, and even renewable energy sources such as solar panels or fuel cells. Diversifying energy sources minimizes the risk of a total outage due to problems with a single source.
Battery Systems
To deal with momentary power outages, Data Centers are equipped with high-capacity battery systems. These batteries act as short-term power sources and come into action immediately when there is an interruption in the main power supply. This backup power is sufficient to keep the Data Center operating until emergency generators come online.
Emergency Generators
Diesel generators or other types of emergency generators are a fundamental part of power redundancy in a Data Center. When there is a prolonged failure in the power supply from the public grid or batteries, the generators are automatically activated to provide continuous electricity to the Data Center. These generators are designed to operate for long periods and are supplied with enough fuel to keep the Data Center running during prolonged grid failure events.
Automatic Transfer Systems
To ensure smooth transition between different power sources, Data Centers are equipped with automatic transfer systems (ATS). The ATS monitors the quality of power from the public grid and, in the event of an outage, automatically switches to backup power sources, such as batteries and generators.
Tests & Maintenance
In order to ensure that all redundant power systems are functioning correctly, regular testing of generators, batteries and automatic transfer systems is carried out. Preventative maintenance is also conducted to ensure that equipment is always in optimal operating condition.
Precision Climate Control System
The precision air conditioning system in a Data Center is a critical element to ensure the safe and efficient operation of IT equipment. Due to the high density of servers and other electronic components, these environments generate a significant amount of heat during their operations. Proper control of temperature and humidity is essential to prevent damage to equipment and ensure optimal performance.
Precision air conditioning systems are designed to provide a controlled environment, with minimum variations in temperature and humidity. They work together with the Data Center’s cooling system to dissipate the heat generated by IT equipment efficiently and reliably.
There are several techniques and technologies used in precision air conditioning systems:
Precision Refrigeration Units (CRAC)
CRAC units are responsible for regulating the temperature and humidity of the Data Center environment. They use advanced sensors and algorithms to constantly monitor air conditions and adjust cooling as needed. This way, they ensure that the temperature remains within safe limits for the equipment to operate.
Air Flow Control
Precision air conditioning systems are designed to provide targeted and uniform airflow, ensuring that all areas of the Data Center receive adequate distribution of cooled air. This prevents overheating of specific regions and helps maintain the temperature evenly throughout the environment.
Adiabatic Cooling
Some air conditioning solutions use adiabatic cooling to reduce air temperature without resorting exclusively to mechanical refrigeration systems. This method uses water evaporation to cool the air, making it a more energy-efficient and sustainable option.
Humidity Control
In addition to temperature, ambient humidity is also monitored and controlled to ensure an adequate level for the equipment. Humidity control prevents problems such as condensation and corrosion of electronic components, contributing to the preservation and useful life of the equipment.
Intelligent Management
Precision air conditioning systems can be integrated with centralized management systems, allowing remote monitoring and control of environmental conditions. This enables quick and accurate adjustments in response to changing data center demands and assists with energy efficiency planning.
Telecommunications Networks and Structured Cabling
The interconnection of all components in a Data Center is carried out through a complex and well-designed network infrastructure. This network infrastructure is made up of high-speed telecommunications networks and uses the concept of Structured Cabling to ensure fast and efficient data transfer between the various devices, servers and storage systems present in the Data Center environment.
Collection: A3A Systems Engineering
Fire Detection and Prevention System
The fire detection and fighting system in a Data Center is a critical concern due to the possibility of catastrophic damage that a fire can cause to equipment and data. This system is designed with extreme precision and efficiency, using advanced technologies to ensure environmental safety.
The Data Center is equipped with smoke and heat detection sensors strategically positioned throughout the space. These sensors are highly sensitive and are capable of detecting any signs of smoke or temperature rise, even in their early stages. Early detection is essential for a quick and effective incident response.
In case of fire detection, the suppression systems are activated automatically or manually, depending on the situation. These systems use fire extinguishing agents that are released into the affected environment to stop and extinguish the fire. Extinguishing agents can be inert gases, such as argon gas or carbon dioxide, or chemical agents, such as Novec 1230 or FM-200. These agents act quickly to suppress the fire without causing additional damage to equipment or the environment.
Additionally, the Data Center is designed with containment compartments, which are fire-resistant partitions that help contain the fire in a specific area. This prevents the fire from spreading quickly throughout the environment, protecting other parts of the Data Center and allowing the safe evacuation of occupants if necessary.
The fire detection and fighting system is integrated into a centralized management system, which continuously monitors the status of sensors and suppression systems. This allows data center staff to immediately respond to any signs of fire and take appropriate action to contain the emergency.
Data Center staff receive regular training in evacuation practices, use of firefighting equipment, and emergency response procedures. Detailed emergency plans are established to ensure a quick and coordinated response in the event of a fire or other emergency.
Remote Management and Physical Security System
The Remote Management and Physical Security System in a Data Center consists of essential technologies and procedures to ensure continuous monitoring and adequate protection of the environment.
Remote Management allows administrators to remotely monitor and control Data Center devices and equipment from a centralized location. Using a unified interface, administrators can check equipment status, receive problem alerts and perform configurations and updates without needing to be physically present at the Data Center facilities. This provides greater operational efficiency and agility in resolving technical issues.
In addition, Remote Management can also include automation and orchestration features, allowing the scheduled execution of routine or complex tasks, which optimizes system performance and maintenance.
Physical Security is a primary concern to protect the Data Center against external threats and guarantee controlled and authorized access to the environment. Several measures are implemented, such as:
Access Control: Use of advanced access control systems, such as identification cards, electronic keys or biometric authentication, to allow access only to authorized personnel and limit access to specific areas of the Data Center.
Camera Surveillance: Strategically placed surveillance cameras constantly monitor facilities to identify suspicious activity and provide visual recordings in the event of incidents.
Intrusion Detection: Motion sensors and intrusion detection systems are used to alert of any attempted unauthorized access to the Data Center.
Environmental Control: In addition to physical security against unauthorized access, measures are also adopted to prevent damage caused by accidental events, such as water leak sensors.
Perimeter Security: Protection of the Data Center perimeter through fences, controlled gates and other physical barriers to prevent unauthorized access.
Physical security is complemented by regular audits and ongoing monitoring of security measures to ensure policies are followed and updated as necessary.
Planning and Construction of a Data Center
Data Center planning is a critical step to ensure that the environment is designed and implemented efficiently, meeting the organization’s technical and strategic demands:
Requirements gathering
Requirements gathering is a fundamental step in planning a Data Center. In this process, a detailed analysis of the company’s needs and the specific objectives of the IT infrastructure environment is carried out. To achieve this, it is essential to involve stakeholders, such as the IT team, business managers and information security experts, to identify the necessary parameters.
During requirements gathering, it is important to clearly understand the company’s demands, such as processing capacity, storage requirements, future sizing and security standards. Furthermore, workload analysis is essential for evaluating the applications and services that will run in the Data Center, identifying resource demands and traffic levels.
Scalability is another critical factor to be considered in planning. It is important to design the Data Center so that it can be easily expanded according to the company’s growth needs, avoiding excessive investments in premature updates.
Security and compliance are also important aspects to be evaluated when gathering requirements. It is necessary to identify and meet information security requirements, including regulatory standards and internal policies, ensuring the physical protection of IT assets and disaster recovery plans.
Furthermore, energy efficiency and sustainability must be taken into account during Data Center planning, seeking to reduce operational costs and environmental impact.
Finally, choosing the appropriate location is also relevant, considering the available telecommunications infrastructure, environmental risks, physical security and proximity to main users and business centers.
Capacity project
Capacity design is a critical step in Data Center planning, where infrastructure specialists use previously gathered information to accurately and strategically size the capacity needed to meet current and future demands. In this technical phase, detailed methodologies and calculations are applied to ensure the efficient and reliable functioning of the Data Center.
The main technical aspects involved in capability design include:
Workload Analysis: Experts perform a thorough analysis of the expected workload in the Data Center, assessing demands on resources such as processing capacity, storage and memory, to identify peaks in demand and usage patterns over time.
Growth Projection: In addition to current needs, it is essential to project the company’s future growth and planned expansions to adequately size the Data Center. This allows you to plan investments strategically and avoid wasting resources.
Resource Sizing: Based on workload analysis and growth projections, necessary resources are sized, such as servers, storage devices, cooling systems, electrical systems and other essential components to meet expected demands.
Contingency and Resilience: The capacity project also considers contingency and resilience scenarios to deal with failures and unexpected demand spikes. This involves implementing redundancy and scalability strategies to ensure continuity of operations.
Operational Efficiency: Seeking operational efficiency is an important objective in capacity design, aiming to optimize the use of resources and minimize operational costs, without compromising the performance and availability of the Data Center.
Continuous Monitoring: It is planned to implement continuous monitoring systems to monitor resource performance and identify possible problems in advance. This allows for corrective actions and adjustments as needed.
Flexibility and Scalability: The capacity project seeks to ensure that the Data Center is designed with flexibility and scalability to allow the gradual expansion of resources as the company’s demand grows.
Classification by Redundancy levels
Classification by redundancy levels (Tiers) is a widely adopted methodology for evaluating the availability and reliability of Data Centers. This classification is based on Uptime Institute’s Tier Standard, which defines four main tiers: Tier I, Tier II, Tier III and Tier IV. Each level is assigned based on the redundancy of critical systems and the ability to avoid unplanned outages.
Tier I: Tier I is the basic level of redundancy. At this level, the Data Center has only one power and cooling distribution path, with no redundant components. This means that any maintenance or failure in one of the critical systems could cause temporary interruptions in services, as there are no backups in operation. Typical availability for a Tier I data center is approximately 99.671%, or approximately 28.8 hours of downtime per year.
Tier II: In Tier II, some improvements are added in relation to Tier I, such as redundant systems for critical components. However, there may still be planned outages for maintenance and upgrades, which may result in limited downtime. Typical availability for a Tier II data center is approximately 99.741%, or approximately 22 hours of downtime per year.
Tier III: Tier III is known as the competition level. At this level, the Data Center has fully redundant systems for all critical infrastructure, including power sources, cooling systems and communication networks. Planned operations and maintenance can be carried out without interrupting services, resulting in less downtime. Typical availability for a Tier III data center is approximately 99.982%, or approximately 1.6 hours of downtime per year.
Tier IV: Tier IV is the highest level of redundancy and fault tolerance. At this level, the Data Center has fully redundant and parallel systems for all critical infrastructures, ensuring high availability even in the event of simultaneous failures. It is the most complex and costly level to implement, but it provides maximum security against unplanned interruptions. Typical availability for a Tier IV data center is approximately 99.995%, or approximately 0.8 hours of downtime per year.
Choice of Construction Systems
Choosing construction systems is a crucial step in planning and building a Data Center, as it directly impacts the efficiency, scalability and flexibility of the environment. There are different construction approaches, each with their own advantages and challenges, and the decision should be based on the organization’s specific needs and project objectives.
Traditional System: In this approach, the Data Center is custom-built, from the design phase to implementation. Each component is planned and built according to the organization’s specific needs, allowing precise adaptation to operational demands. This gives you greater control over the design, but construction time can be longer and initial costs tend to be higher due to the custom nature of the project.
Modular System: In this model, Data Centers are built using prefabricated modules, which are created in a factory and subsequently transported and integrated on site. Each module is an independent unit that contains essential components, such as servers, cooling and power systems, and is designed to be interoperable and easily scalable. This approach offers advantages in terms of reduced construction time, more controlled costs and greater ease of expansion.
Container System: This approach is even more modular, where Data Centers are installed in isolated containers and designed to be easily transportable. Each container is a self-contained unit and can house servers, cooling systems, power and connectivity. Containerized data centers are especially suitable for temporary or mobile environments, such as emergency needs, events or research environments. They offer speed of implementation, ease of movement and reuse, but may have limitations in terms of capacity and customization.
Data Center Types
When analyzing and selecting the most suitable type of Data Center for the company, it is essential to consider several technical and operational factors. Each type of Data Center has distinct characteristics that can directly influence the performance, security and scalability of the IT infrastructure. I will deepen the technical analysis of the main types of Data Centers:
Own Physical Data Center: This approach involves building and maintaining an exclusive Data Center for the company. It offers full control over the infrastructure, allowing precise adaptation to the organization’s specific needs. However, it requires significant investments in capital, physical space, equipment and specialized human resources for ongoing management and maintenance.
Cloud Data Center: Cloud Data Centers provide IT infrastructure services remotely, allowing the company to rent resources according to demand. This provides high flexibility, scalability and agility, with the possibility of adjusting resources in real time. Furthermore, it reduces the need for initial investments in physical infrastructure and offers greater resilience, as data is replicated across multiple servers and geographic locations.
Data Center Edge: Edge Data Centers are decentralized locations located close to end users or data sources. This approach is suitable for scenarios that require low latency, such as streaming services, Internet of Things (IoT), and response time-sensitive applications. Edge Data Centers allow data processing and storage closer to the point of origin, reducing dependence on data transfers over the network.
Colocation Data Center: In this model, several companies share the same physical Data Center space, maintaining their IT infrastructures separate and independent. The colocation provider provides the basic infrastructure, such as space, power, cooling, and physical security, while companies maintain their servers and equipment. This approach offers cost efficiency and access to high-quality infrastructure, without the need to invest in your own Data Center.
Hyperscale Data Center: Designed for large technology companies, hyperscale Data Centers offer enormous data processing and storage capacity. Characterized by a highly scalable infrastructure, with thousands of servers and resources on a massive scale, these Data Centers are common in companies that offer large-scale services, such as social networks, streaming platforms and cloud service providers.
Hybrid Data Center: The hybrid approach combines different types of Data Centers, as a combination of own physical infrastructure and cloud services. This option offers flexibility and allows the company to make the best of each environment, allocating its workloads strategically. Hybrid data centers are especially useful for companies with varying requirements, who can optimize costs and performance when using multiple platforms.
The decision between types of Data Centers must consider aspects such as security requirements, regulatory compliance, initial investments, scalability, performance demands, geolocation of users and characteristics of the services offered. Each option has its benefits and challenges, and the choice will depend on the unique needs of the company and the IT strategy adopted. An in-depth understanding of each approach is essential to ensure a solid, efficient IT infrastructure aligned with business goals.
Certification and Compliance
After construction is complete, Data Center certification is an important and necessary step to ensure that all industry standards and norms have been met. Certification involves detailed audits and technical assessments carried out by independent experts or recognized certification organizations. These assessments cover various aspects of the Data Center infrastructure, ensuring that it complies with the essential requirements to ensure the quality, security and reliability of the environment.
The main points verified during the certification process include:
Availability and Redundancy: Verification of the presence of redundant systems for power, cooling, connectivity and other critical components, ensuring high availability and operational continuity of the Data Center even in cases of failure.
Physical and Logical Security: Assessment of security measures implemented to protect the infrastructure against physical and cyber threats, including access control, camera monitoring systems, intrusion detection and prevention, among others.
Energy Efficiency: Verification of practices and technologies implemented to optimize energy consumption and minimize the environmental impact of the Data Center, ensuring sustainable operation.
Compliance with Technical Standards: Verification of adherence to industry standards and regulations, such as TIA-942, ANSI/BICSI 002, ISO/IEC 27001, among others, which establish guidelines for the design, construction and operation of Data Centers.
Operation and Management of a Data Center
After completing the construction and certification of the Data Center, the operation and continuous management phase enters. At this stage, it is essential to ensure the efficient and safe functioning of the Data Center.
Daily operations are carried out by specialized teams that constantly monitor all systems, such as servers, cooling, energy and security. This monitoring is essential to quickly identify and respond to problems or failures that may arise.
Preventive maintenance is an essential practice to avoid future problems and reduce interruptions. This includes regular inspections, cleaning, replacing worn components and applying software updates.
Capacity management is crucial to deal with growing demands. Energy efficiency strategies are adopted to optimize energy consumption and reduce environmental impact.
Security is an absolute priority in the Data Center. Access control, surveillance and fire protection measures are implemented to ensure the physical security of the environment. Additionally, digital security measures such as firewalls, intrusion detection and encryption are implemented to protect data stored in the Data Center against unauthorized access.
Backup and disaster recovery plans are essential to protect data in critical situations, ensuring continuity of services in the event of failures or disasters.
Regular audits are performed to ensure the Data Center’s compliance with industry standards and norms such as ISO 27001. These audits ensure the ongoing quality and security of the Data Center.
Conclusion
It is clear that the Data Center is the fundamental pillar for supporting the technological infrastructure of a modern company. Its importance goes beyond simply storing and processing data; it is the beating heart that enables the connectivity, agility and reliability necessary to face the challenges of the digital age.
Investing in an efficient and secure Data Center is a strategic step to boost business growth and ensure the continuity of operations in a highly competitive scenario. Furthermore, the adoption of innovative technologies and the search for specialized partners are essential to keep up with the growing demands and constant transformations in the market.
At A3A Engenharia de Sistemas, we understand the critical importance of a Data Center for today’s digital businesses. Our solutions are designed to optimize performance, scalability and availability, enabling your business to focus on its strategic objectives and achieve success in the constantly evolving digital world.
If you are looking to build a new Data Center or improve your existing IT infrastructure, count on us to offer high quality services and exceptional results. Our mission is to drive the growth and success of your business through innovative and efficient Data Center solutions.
Frequently Asked Questions
CPD (Data Processing Center) is a term traditionally used to designate environments dedicated to processing, storing and managing data within a company or organization. Generally, it refers to smaller technical rooms, located internally at the client’s facilities, meeting specific demands of that environment.
Data Center is a broader and more modern concept, which refers to large installations, specially designed to host servers, network equipment, data storage and critical systems. Data Centers have redundant infrastructure, air conditioning systems, energy, physical security, 24/7 monitoring and generally serve multiple clients (colocation, cloud, hosting), and can operate on regional or global scales.
Cat6A is sufficient for most applications up to 10Gbps and long distances within the data center;
Cat8 serves very high speed and short distance scenarios;
OM3/OM4/OM5 (optical fiber) are essential for backbone, long links or high density.
The Structured Cabling System (SCE) is a standardized infrastructure of cables, connectors, racks, cable beds, patch panels and network assets that provide the basis for a telecommunications network to function optimally.
A Structured Cabling System works through the installation of various network components, including cables, network assets, connection panels and other devices, following technical standards and norms.
The most common are UTP cable (unshielded twisted pair), STP cable (shielded twisted pair), coaxial cable and optical fiber. Each has different applications and transmission capabilities.
UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) is not shielded. It is cheaper and used in environments with low levels of interference. STP (Shielded Twisted Pair) has shielding that reduces electromagnetic interference, making it suitable for industrial environments or environments with high electromagnetic pollution.
The main standards are ABNT NBR 14565 (Brazil), ISO/IEC 11801 (international), ANSI/TIA-568 (North America) and NBR 16264 for Data Centers. They define installation, performance and testing rules.
It is the main cabling that connects telecommunications rooms, data centers or buildings to each other. Typically uses higher capacity cables, such as optical fibers or higher category copper cables.
Normative References
“NBR 14565 – Structured Cabling for Commercial Buildings” – ABNT (Brazilian Association of Technical Standards)
“ISO/IEC 11801 – Generic Cabling for Customer Premises“- ISO/IEC (International Organization for Standardization) & (International Electrotechnical Commission)
“”ANSI/TIA 568 – Generic Telecommunications Cabling for Customer Premises” – ANSI/TIA (American National Standards Institute) & (Telecommunications Industry Association)
“What are the structured cabling services and respective RTs?” – CREA (Regional Engineering and Agronomy Council)
“Structured Cabling Systems: the Fact File” – CommScope
Relevant Links (Complementary Technical Materials)
Telecommunications Network Project
Structured Cabling Project – Practical Guide
Technical Standards for Structured Cabling
Standard 14565 – Structured Cabling
CPD and Data Center: Differences, Requirements and Evolution of Data Infrastructures
eBook – Why hire a Structured Cabling Project?
Fiber Optic Cable
Internal Optical Distributor (DIO)
Tests and Performance
R Certificationnetwork for Structured Cabling Systems
Consulting on Structured Cabling Projects
Structured Cabling Installation
How to avoid common problems in Structured Cabling Systems?
Components and Subsystems
Main benefits of Structured Cabling
Network Cabling in CAT5e vs CAT6
Network Cabling in CAT6 vs CAT6A
Topology and Architecture
Network Architecture and Topology – How to Guarantee Performance
Network Topology: Types and applications in Telecommunications Networks
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